ALEX³ Case No. 4

Rodica, 19 years from South-Eastern Europe

Clinical history

Atopic dermatitis observed in early childhood. Back then, skin prick tests showed positive results for hen’s egg and cow’s milk. The patient outgrew both allergies. Teenage onset of rhinoconjunctivitis: blood- and skin tests revealed sensitisations to ragweed- and mugwort pollen.

Family history

Mother and one sibling allergic to pollen.

Present situation

Now, certain fruits elicit mild to moderate symptoms when consumed fresh or processed. Symptoms include oral allergy syndrome, nausea and vomiting, as well as itchy hand palms & itchy soles of the feet. An ALEX test was requested to analyse the pollen allergies for a possible AIT prescription and for risk assessment of the presumed fruit allergies.

Rodica's ALEX³ test results

Allergen source Allergen

Timothy grass

Phl p 1

Timothy grass

Phl p 2

Timothy grass

Phl p 12

Ragweed

Amb a 1

Ragweed

Amb a 4

Mugwort

Art v 1

Mugwort

Art v 3

Ribwort

Pla l 1

Allergen source Biochemical designation

Timothy grass

β-Expansin

Timothy grass

Expansin

Timothy grass

Profilin

Ragweed

Pectate lyase

Ragweed

Defensin-like protein

Mugwort

Defensin-like protein

Mugwort

nsLTP

Ribwort

Ole e 1 family

Allergen source IgE Level [kUA/L]

Timothy grass

3.79

Timothy grass

1.57

Timothy grass

2.14

Ragweed

0.89

Ragweed

0.62

Mugwort

0.78

Mugwort

0.61

Ribwort

0.61

Allergen source Allergen

Apple

Mal d 3

Kiwi

Act d 10

Peach

Pru p 3

Muskmelon

Cuc m 2

Hen's egg

Gal d 2

Allergen source Biochemical designation

Apple

nsLTP

Kiwi

nsLTP

Peach

nsLTP

Muskmelon

Profilin

Hen's egg

Ovalbumin

Allergen source IgE Level [kUA/L]

Apple

0.60

Kiwi

0.99

Peach

1.18

Muskmelon

1.89

Hen's egg

0.37

Analysis

Grass pollen

  • Sensitisation to Phl p 1 and 2 confirms genuine grass pollen allergy
  • Profilin sensitisation: Phl p 12 explains broad fruit extract positives (e.g., melon, citrus) with usually mild OAS

Weed pollen

  • Genuine ragweed, mugwort, ribwort allergy

Fruit and hen's egg

  • Emerging nsLTP sensitisation at low-moderate IgE was found for apple, kiwi and peach
  • The sensitisation to Gal d 2 from hen’s egg seems to be an immunological remnant from childhood - no clinical reactions were observed to hen’s egg since then.

Summary

  • SPT findings were confirmed at the molecular level: genuine grass and weed pollinosis plus a profilin syndrome (Phl p 12, Cuc m 2) that accounts for many fruit-related oral symptoms.
  • Low–moderate nsLTP reactivity (Pru p 3, Mal d 3, Act d 10) indicates an emerging LTP pattern that may progress beyond OAS, particularly with co-factors like exercise, alcohol, NSAIDs
  • AIT for grass (Phl p 1/2) and (if clinically indicated) ragweed/mugwort is appropriate for respiratory disease
  • Profilin-related food is often tolerated when cooked, mild symptoms
  • Caution for LTP-rich foods (peach/stone fruits, kiwi, some nuts) and co-factors
  • Because vomiting has occurred and LTPs are present, emergency kit is advised and individualised avoidance
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